Examples and Uses of Metals and Nonmetals

Most elements are metals, but quite a few are nonmetals. Its important to be able to distinguish between the different types of elements. Here are lists of five metals and five nonmetals, an explanation of how you can tell them apart, and some examples of their uses. Five Metals Metals usually are hard, dense conductors, often exhibiting a shiny metallic luster. Metallic elements readily lose electrons to form positive ions. Except for mercury, metals are solids at room temperature and pressure. Examples include: IronUraniumSodiumAluminumCalcium Five Nonmetals The nonmetals are on the upper right-hand side of the periodic table. Nonmetals typically are poor electrical and thermal conductors and dont have a metallic luster. They can be found as solids, liquids, or gases under ordinary conditions. Examples include: NitrogenOxygenHeliumSulfurChlorine How to Tell Metals and Nonmetals Apart The easiest way to identify whether an element is a metal or nonmetal is to find its position on the periodic table. A zigzag line runs down the right side of the table. Elements on this line are metalloids or semimetals, which have properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. Every element to the right of this line is a nonmetal. All other elements (most elements) are metals. The only exception is hydrogen, which is considered a nonmetal in its gaseous state at room temperature and pressure. The two rows of elements below the body of the periodic table also are metals. Basically, about 75% of elements are metals, so if youre given an unknown element and asked to make a guess, go with a metal. Element names can be a clue, too. Many metals have names ending with -ium (e.g. beryllium, titanium). Nonmetals can have names ending with -gen, -ine, or -on (hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, argon). Uses for Metals and Nonmetals Metals uses are directly linked to their qualities. For example: Shiny metals such as copper, silver, and gold are often used for decorative arts, jewelry, and coins.Strong metals such as iron and metal alloys such as stainless steel are used to build structures, ships, and vehicles such as cars, trains, and trucks.Some metals have specific qualities that dictate their use. For example, copper is a good choice for wiring because it is particularly good for conducting electricity. Tungsten is used for the filaments of light bulbs because it glows white-hot without melting. Nonmetals are plentiful and useful. These are among the most commonly used: Oxygen, a gas, is absolutely essential to human life. Not only do we breathe it and use it for medical purposes, but we also use it as an important element in combustion.Sulphur is valued for its medical properties and as an important ingredient in many chemical solutions. Sulfuric acid is an important tool for industry: It is used in batteries and in manufacturing.Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant. It is used to purify water for drinking and filling swimming pools.

Leadership Theory And Leadership Development - 1481 Words

INTRODUCTION As the world changes and progress, it becomes more complex than before. The advances in technology, the globalization that opened and bridged the economies of the world, political and social factors contributed to people’s need of continuous development. So as an important parameter of the ongoing need of innovation and changes of the nature of work, leadership development becomes essential part of the success of the organisations. The aim of this paper, is to try and identify if all people in all organisations should be given the opportunity of leadership development and discuss one aspect of leadership theory, the approaches and limitations of the leadership development. LEADERSHIP THEORY To begin with, between leader and†¦show more content†¦It is said, that one of the most common leadership style that business adopt is based on transformational leadership theory. (www.mindtools.com). Transformational leadership theory is about creating a high- performance workforce by stimulating people’s realization of their potentials and achieve goals beyond their requirements. To be able and adopt the changes into the organisations culture and inspire people to follow, they must cultivate the four â€Å"I† model which exhibits four factors: idealized influence, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation. (Avolio, Waldman Yammarino, 1991). Idealized influence talks about the leader becoming a role model for the followers, someone to trust and respect, and as a result to idealize him and his ideas. Individualized consideration factor is how leaders promotes themselves as mentors to their followers. Followers are supported by their leaders and reward them for being creative and innovative, thus they also provide them with the feeling of empowerment of being free to make their own decisions. Intellectual stimulation is when leaders encourage the followers to be innovative and creative. There is support from the leaders for new ideas without criticizing mistakes committed by the followers and are keen to disregard old practices and

Master of the Universe free essay sample

Saturn and Venus, form Jupiter, a joint venture. Saturn owns 51 percent of Jupiter and Venus owns 49 percent of Jupiter. The purpose of Jupiter is to own and operate organic clothing design and manufacturing facilities and sell organic clothing to unrelated retailers. When Jupiter was formed, Saturn contributed $561 million to Jupiter and Venus contributed four manufacturing facilities with an assembled workforce, with a total fair value of $539 million to Jupiter. Venus was looking to exit its clothing manufacturing business, as this business no longer was a strategic fit for Venus. However, Saturn was looking to expand its footprint in the manufacturing of children’s clothing. In exchange for their contributions, Saturn and Venus received a combination of equity and debt securities for Jupiter. The Articles of Incorporation of Jupiter state the following in terms of governance and management of Jupiter: †¢ The Board of Jupiter (the â€Å"Board†) comprises eight individuals, four each from Saturn and Venus. We will write a custom essay sample on Master of the Universe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Both Saturn and Venus are able to nominate individuals for the position of CEO of Jupiter (the â€Å"CEO†). †¢ The CEO is responsible for the day-to-day operations of Jupiter. Most Board actions are passed by a simple majority vote; however, the following actions cannot be taken without unanimous approval of the Board: appointment and removal of the CEO, decision to make calls for capital contributions, admission of new joint venture members and mergers and acquisitions. †¢ The power to make strategic decisions regarding the operations of Jupiter has been divided between Saturn and Venus. Saturn controls all decisions regarding the design, manufacturing, pricing, and sales of the clothing. Venus controls all decisions regarding distributing clothing in fulfillment of sales negotiated by Saturn on Jupiter’s behalf. Profits and losses of Jupiter are split according to ownership percentage; therefore, Saturn receives 51 percent and Venus receives 49 percent of the profits and/or losses of Jupiter. Saturn has performed a consolidation analysis. From Saturn’s perspective, Jupiter does not qualify for the business scope exception. QUESTION NUMBER 1 What is the primary purpose and design of Jupiter (including risks that Jupiter was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders)? SOLUTION Jupiter was created as a joint venture from Saturn Inc. and Venus Inc. One of the purposes for the creation of Jupiter was to give Saturn an opportunity to expand its manufacturing of children’s clothing and to provide Venus with a chance to exit this business line. Although, the main purpose was to own and operate organic clothing design and manufacturing facilities, and sell organic clothing. Risks that Jupiter was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders include labor pricing risks, outstanding receivables on sales of inventory, and product pricing risk based on purchases of raw materials and sales to retailers. QUESTION NUMBER 2 Determine whether Saturn, Venus, or both are variable interest holders SOLUTION In order to determine if Saturn Inc. and Venus Inc. are variable interest holder the ASC 810-10-20 was used, it states: â€Å"The investments or other interests that will absorb portions of a variable interest entity’s (VIEs) expected losses or receive portions of the entity’s expected residual returns are called variable interests. Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other pecuniary interests in a VIE that change with changes in the fair value of the VIEs net assets exclusive of variable interests. Equity interests with or without voting rights are considered variable interests if the legal entity is a VIE and to the extent that the investment is at risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also, ASC 810-10-55-19 states as a general rule, assets and operations of an entity create its variability, meanwhile its liabilities and equity interest absorb the variability. It also states that the variable interest absorb or receive the expected variability created by those assets, liabilities, or contracts of a VIE that are not variable interests. Because Saturn Inc. and Venus Inc. have investments in the residual interest and debt securities of Jupiter, both companies are variable interest holders of Jupiter. QUESTION NUMBER 3 Who, if anyone, is the primary beneficiary and why? ALTERNATIVES Alternative 1 – Venus is the primary beneficiary of Jupiter. The distribution of clothing and decisions related to distribution could be the most significant impact on the economic performance of Jupiter. Venus has the obligation to absorb losses of Jupiter or the right to receive benefits from Jupiter and has the power to direct distributing activities of Jupiter that could affect significantly Jupiter’s economic performance. Alternative 2 – Saturn is the primary beneficiary of Jupiter. Saturn has the power to direct operating activities of Jupiter that could affect significantly Jupiter’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of Jupiter. Also, Saturn has the right to receive benefits from Jupiter. Alternative 3 – Saturn and Venus share the power of being primary beneficiary. Both have the obligation to absorb Jupiter’s losses or the right to receive benefits from Jupiter that could affect significantly Jupiter’s economic performance. Also, both Saturn and Venus have the power to make strategic decisions regarding the operation of Jupiter such like the power to nominate four members each on the Board and to nominate individuals to become CEO. SOLUTION Alternative 2 – Saturn is the primary beneficiary of Jupiter. Both companies have a very important role in Jupiter’s performance and since both parties have the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from Jupiter that could potentially be significant to Jupiter. However Saturn’s activities are most significant for Jupiter’s operations. In ASC 810-10-25-38B it states: â€Å"a reporting entity must identify which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and determine whether it has the power to direct those activities. Saturn and Venus have joint control over the Board of Jupiter and substantive decisions regarding the operation of Jupiter have been divided between the parties. The ASC 810-10-25-38E clarifies that the nature of the activities that each unrelated party is directing are different, then it must be determined which activities are most significant to the impact of the entity’s economic performance, and the party that â€Å"has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance† is deemed to have met the characteristic in ASC 810-10-25-38A. By analyzing both parties power over the activities, Saturn appears to have the most significant activities such like control over decision related to the design, manufacturing, pricing, and sales of clothing produced by Jupiter; Saturn has the power to direct the activities that could impact Jupiter’s economic performance the most. Proving that the second alternative is the correct accounting alternative, making Saturn the primary beneficiary of Jupiter.