Leadership Theory And Leadership Development - 1481 Words

INTRODUCTION As the world changes and progress, it becomes more complex than before. The advances in technology, the globalization that opened and bridged the economies of the world, political and social factors contributed to people’s need of continuous development. So as an important parameter of the ongoing need of innovation and changes of the nature of work, leadership development becomes essential part of the success of the organisations. The aim of this paper, is to try and identify if all people in all organisations should be given the opportunity of leadership development and discuss one aspect of leadership theory, the approaches and limitations of the leadership development. LEADERSHIP THEORY To begin with, between leader and†¦show more content†¦It is said, that one of the most common leadership style that business adopt is based on transformational leadership theory. (www.mindtools.com). Transformational leadership theory is about creating a high- performance workforce by stimulating people’s realization of their potentials and achieve goals beyond their requirements. To be able and adopt the changes into the organisations culture and inspire people to follow, they must cultivate the four â€Å"I† model which exhibits four factors: idealized influence, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation. (Avolio, Waldman Yammarino, 1991). Idealized influence talks about the leader becoming a role model for the followers, someone to trust and respect, and as a result to idealize him and his ideas. Individualized consideration factor is how leaders promotes themselves as mentors to their followers. Followers are supported by their leaders and reward them for being creative and innovative, thus they also provide them with the feeling of empowerment of being free to make their own decisions. Intellectual stimulation is when leaders encourage the followers to be innovative and creative. There is support from the leaders for new ideas without criticizing mistakes committed by the followers and are keen to disregard old practices and

Master of the Universe free essay sample

Saturn and Venus, form Jupiter, a joint venture. Saturn owns 51 percent of Jupiter and Venus owns 49 percent of Jupiter. The purpose of Jupiter is to own and operate organic clothing design and manufacturing facilities and sell organic clothing to unrelated retailers. When Jupiter was formed, Saturn contributed $561 million to Jupiter and Venus contributed four manufacturing facilities with an assembled workforce, with a total fair value of $539 million to Jupiter. Venus was looking to exit its clothing manufacturing business, as this business no longer was a strategic fit for Venus. However, Saturn was looking to expand its footprint in the manufacturing of children’s clothing. In exchange for their contributions, Saturn and Venus received a combination of equity and debt securities for Jupiter. The Articles of Incorporation of Jupiter state the following in terms of governance and management of Jupiter: †¢ The Board of Jupiter (the â€Å"Board†) comprises eight individuals, four each from Saturn and Venus. We will write a custom essay sample on Master of the Universe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Both Saturn and Venus are able to nominate individuals for the position of CEO of Jupiter (the â€Å"CEO†). †¢ The CEO is responsible for the day-to-day operations of Jupiter. Most Board actions are passed by a simple majority vote; however, the following actions cannot be taken without unanimous approval of the Board: appointment and removal of the CEO, decision to make calls for capital contributions, admission of new joint venture members and mergers and acquisitions. †¢ The power to make strategic decisions regarding the operations of Jupiter has been divided between Saturn and Venus. Saturn controls all decisions regarding the design, manufacturing, pricing, and sales of the clothing. Venus controls all decisions regarding distributing clothing in fulfillment of sales negotiated by Saturn on Jupiter’s behalf. Profits and losses of Jupiter are split according to ownership percentage; therefore, Saturn receives 51 percent and Venus receives 49 percent of the profits and/or losses of Jupiter. Saturn has performed a consolidation analysis. From Saturn’s perspective, Jupiter does not qualify for the business scope exception. QUESTION NUMBER 1 What is the primary purpose and design of Jupiter (including risks that Jupiter was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders)? SOLUTION Jupiter was created as a joint venture from Saturn Inc. and Venus Inc. One of the purposes for the creation of Jupiter was to give Saturn an opportunity to expand its manufacturing of children’s clothing and to provide Venus with a chance to exit this business line. Although, the main purpose was to own and operate organic clothing design and manufacturing facilities, and sell organic clothing. Risks that Jupiter was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders include labor pricing risks, outstanding receivables on sales of inventory, and product pricing risk based on purchases of raw materials and sales to retailers. QUESTION NUMBER 2 Determine whether Saturn, Venus, or both are variable interest holders SOLUTION In order to determine if Saturn Inc. and Venus Inc. are variable interest holder the ASC 810-10-20 was used, it states: â€Å"The investments or other interests that will absorb portions of a variable interest entity’s (VIEs) expected losses or receive portions of the entity’s expected residual returns are called variable interests. Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other pecuniary interests in a VIE that change with changes in the fair value of the VIEs net assets exclusive of variable interests. Equity interests with or without voting rights are considered variable interests if the legal entity is a VIE and to the extent that the investment is at risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also, ASC 810-10-55-19 states as a general rule, assets and operations of an entity create its variability, meanwhile its liabilities and equity interest absorb the variability. It also states that the variable interest absorb or receive the expected variability created by those assets, liabilities, or contracts of a VIE that are not variable interests. Because Saturn Inc. and Venus Inc. have investments in the residual interest and debt securities of Jupiter, both companies are variable interest holders of Jupiter. QUESTION NUMBER 3 Who, if anyone, is the primary beneficiary and why? ALTERNATIVES Alternative 1 – Venus is the primary beneficiary of Jupiter. The distribution of clothing and decisions related to distribution could be the most significant impact on the economic performance of Jupiter. Venus has the obligation to absorb losses of Jupiter or the right to receive benefits from Jupiter and has the power to direct distributing activities of Jupiter that could affect significantly Jupiter’s economic performance. Alternative 2 – Saturn is the primary beneficiary of Jupiter. Saturn has the power to direct operating activities of Jupiter that could affect significantly Jupiter’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of Jupiter. Also, Saturn has the right to receive benefits from Jupiter. Alternative 3 – Saturn and Venus share the power of being primary beneficiary. Both have the obligation to absorb Jupiter’s losses or the right to receive benefits from Jupiter that could affect significantly Jupiter’s economic performance. Also, both Saturn and Venus have the power to make strategic decisions regarding the operation of Jupiter such like the power to nominate four members each on the Board and to nominate individuals to become CEO. SOLUTION Alternative 2 – Saturn is the primary beneficiary of Jupiter. Both companies have a very important role in Jupiter’s performance and since both parties have the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from Jupiter that could potentially be significant to Jupiter. However Saturn’s activities are most significant for Jupiter’s operations. In ASC 810-10-25-38B it states: â€Å"a reporting entity must identify which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and determine whether it has the power to direct those activities. Saturn and Venus have joint control over the Board of Jupiter and substantive decisions regarding the operation of Jupiter have been divided between the parties. The ASC 810-10-25-38E clarifies that the nature of the activities that each unrelated party is directing are different, then it must be determined which activities are most significant to the impact of the entity’s economic performance, and the party that â€Å"has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance† is deemed to have met the characteristic in ASC 810-10-25-38A. By analyzing both parties power over the activities, Saturn appears to have the most significant activities such like control over decision related to the design, manufacturing, pricing, and sales of clothing produced by Jupiter; Saturn has the power to direct the activities that could impact Jupiter’s economic performance the most. Proving that the second alternative is the correct accounting alternative, making Saturn the primary beneficiary of Jupiter.

Structural Family Therapy Essay Example

Structural Family Therapy Essay Institution Structural Family Therapy Name Instructors Name Course Number 31, May 2014 Abstract This research paper discusses Structural Family Therapy in relation to its development, tenets, application, and comparison to other methods. It was established that Munich was at the forefront of developing the approach due to the realization that human problems cannot be solved individualistically. Instead, they should be solved in the context of family structure since it affects behavior profoundly. Some of the critical tenets of SIFT included the family and the presentation of the problems as an issue of he system rather than the affected party. In regard to the process of application, it was noted that a family does not need to meet given requirement in order to enable the application of SIFT. Identification and Overview of the Approach Development of Structural Approach Components of SET Family Problem Presentation Process of Therapeutic Change Application of the Approach during Family Therapy Similarities, Differences and New Lessons Learnt Identification and Overview of the Approach Structural Family Therapy (SET) is found as a model of family treatment that s based on systematic theories conceived by Salvador Munich with the help of other psychologists at the Child Guidance Clinic of Philadelphia (Carr, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Family Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Family Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In essence, the approach is found on the premises that effective therapy is fostered by the change of structure within the family setting. It stipulates that the treatment process must focus on the details Of personal change so that individuals restructure to attain a healthy pattern of relations. It seeks to address the afflictions experienced in the functioning of the family by helping the members to understand the informally stipulated rules that over its relationships and roles. This implies that the essence of family therapy does not rest on the individual prospects, but the ideologies of the family system in entirety. One of the most crucial aspects of SET is the fact that therapist, in their attempt to bring positive change, integrate with the family, become temporal members, and start learning the ways of the system in order to transform it (Dallas Draper, 2010). Development of Structural Approach In essence, the conception of SIFT was necessitated by the need to provide a ay of treating family problems based on the system rather than using individualistic approaches. The history of this approach dates back to 1 960 when the Munich conducted therapy in one of the schools in New York known as Williwaw (Dilatation Jonas, 2010). Whereas the conception of this approach cannot be necessarily situated at that point, its development is attributed strongly to the Munchkins effort to establish it in this school. In other words, his application of the approach in Wilt. Yuck School is considered as a critical undertaking that catcalled the entire development Of SIFT. In this regard, the boys from Willingly School originated from disorganized families that had multiple problems occasioned by poverty. The psychologist noted that the society relied on psychotherapeutic methods that required verbal articulations and targeted the middle class. As a result, the techniques resulted to very negligible transformational impacts on the students. In fact, it was discovered that most of the students lost the insight once they returned home (Doherty McDaniel, 2010). Consequently, it called for psychologists to develop alternative approaches for the counseling. Munich started developing the method by seeking to change transform families into therapeutic entities. The focus shifted from the individualistic perspective to the use of techniques that manipulate family Structures when solving delinquency problems (Gerhardt, 2012). Having focused on the problem as a family matter, Munich developed techniques that were suitable for the diagnosis of poor socioeconomic families in the community (Donahue Czarina, 2012). This diverted the attention of psychologists from the common individualistic approach to the use of the family system. At this point, Munich helped to create concepts that formed the foundation of a model that was exposed after one decade. Since the model was used on a fairly small population, Munich and his colleagues decided to test its validity by using a bigger cross-sectional population. After the test, the results evoked critical connotations between the perspectives of Munich and Haley. The two authors differed essentially, but their controversies formed the basis of improving their respective models of counseling. Having applied the approach to the boys at Willowy School successfully, one Of the clinical enters in Philadelphia invited Munich to their premises in order to help youthful diabetic children. It was noted that the children had inbuilt problems that did not have medical explanations (Gerhardt, 2012). In addition, it was established that those problems did not respond to classical personal treatments. Munich collected and analyzed medical data from the clinical facility to determine the cause of these unexplainable problems. Along with his colleagues, he established that there was a close connection between the psychological afflictions and the family characteristics. It was established that most of these children came from families that exhibited similar characteristics, including extreme protectiveness, conservativeness of behaviors, and lack of conflict resolution among other critical features. Having succeeded in the diagnosis of these patients, Munich pushed for the creation of clear stipulations that could increase the flexibility of families in light of their undertakings and resolution of family conflicts. This triggered the establishment of the Philadelphia Training Center, in 1970, where Munich educated therapists about the ideologies of SIFT. In 1972, Munich developed and published a systematic stipulation of SIFT that contained distinct theories and concepts. The formulation was based on the concept of helping a family to develop from One level into another (Simi, 2010). It was focused on the realignment of family relationships so that the family could maximize its potential holistically rather than transforming the individual members. Components of SIFT Among the various tenets of this approach, family is the most critical aspects that define the essence of this model of counseling. It is defined as living pen system where the components are independent of each other, but they are governed by unformulated ruled to maintain patterns of relationships. In essence, those set of rules that govern these relationships make up the structure (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2013). The family is subject to essential influences from the external aspects so that its structure is not only shaped by the members, but also the environment within which it lives (Rivet, 2010). This implies that the family rules can be conceived by the member or enforced by the culture of the people surrounding it. In addition, the family is transformational entity because the mentioned rules keep on changing continuously according to the negotiations that take place. These rules change naturally to coincide with the broad life circles and become more effective in relation to the system. The change is considered as the tool of re- accommodating the arising circumstances in the environment and adapt to them (German, 2010). For example, if one of the family members is incapacitated, then the rest should come up with ways of tackling his or her roles to avoid any gaps in the family. However, in some instances, the moon setting of continuous change and readjustment can be halted. In this case, a family can refute responding to some circumstances occasioned by the internal and external environment (Lowe, 2004). Problem Presentation The other critical tenet of SIFT is the presentation of the problem and the way in which it is viewed by the psychologists (Rumba, 2010). In this regard, it is evident that the problem is considered as part of the family structure rather than an issue of the individual. This implies that, when answering the question of whether a child is disciplined or not, one must consider the Truckee of the family before making a decision. Further, it means that the actions of indiscipline must be put into context with the underlying ideologies, rules, and beliefs of the family system. For example, it must be established whether the child is more undisciplined towards the mother or a father. In addition, the therapist could establish when the child turns aggressive in order to understand the circumstances that trigger the actions of indiscipline (Myrrh Whims, 2012). Importantly, it is critical when determining how other members of the family respond to the aggressiveness in order to measure he extent to which reactions accelerate of reduce the rate of misbehaver. In regard to this model, the issues raised by the patients are viewed as critical components of the family system so that the solution can originate from the structure Only (Wine, 2010). In essence, the restructuring involves the changing of relative positions of the family members. The process calls for the redefinition of critical relations in relation to the hierarchical and coalition interactions (Nichols Schwartz, 2005). This implies that the therapeutic change facilitates transformation of sustained patterns comprising of the robber. Since SIFT requires the therapists to act as a member of the family, they have the capability to request different behaviors and change the perceptions. By influencing the behaviors and perceptions, the therapist is cap blew of changing the interaction of the family embracements to coincide with the prevailing environmental conditions (Rumba, 2013). Application of the Approach during Family Therapy In the light of the application of this approach, it is important to understand that the model is not a mere collection of techniques applied to the problem. Instead, it is a practical and systematic model based on the premises that problems can be conceptualized and diagnosed in the context of their relationships (Pock, 2010). Further, the application must be based on the fact that the family is an existing entity that has a past and future. These two aspects influence the behaviors, beliefs, and ideologies of the family members. In essence, there are no particular specifications that the problem should envisage in order to apply SET. Whereas it is unthinkable that that the model cannot be applied in some situations, it is critically important to notice hat some situations impede the effectiveness of the approach (Wine, 2010). For example, if a child is hospitalized for diagnosis, it is difficult to trigger the change of the family structure. This implies that the efforts to change the family structure are essentially ineffective due to the separation Of the child from the members whose relationships should be changed (Lange, 2010). While considering psychoanalytical approach, it was noted that the two methods focus on the rules and relationships of the family in light of interacting with each other. However, it was noted that diagnosis is not based n changing the structure of the family.

DJ vs Roadman essays

DJ vs Roadman essays Trance is usually achieved at communal rituals, with plenty of loud music and dancing. The specifics-the costumes, music, and dance-vary from culture to culture, but the pattern underneath is identical: loud music and vigorous dancing lead to a state of over stimulation that can produce a form of egolessness that is the ground for any sacred exploration. Mickey Hart (Hart, 119) Two types of music cultures today use community, music, and drugs to achieve a state of trance that aids them in spiritual exploration. These two groups are the newly formed electronic music rave scene of Europe and the United States and the 7000 year-old tradition of peyote ceremonies still practiced by members of the Native American Church. Each culture has very different music and settings for this exploration, but they have similar ideologies for a better life and planet. Raves are all night parties where people dance to electronic music. The main ingredients are loud music, light shows, selected narcotics, and people (called Ravers). Ravers have an ideology about Peace, Love, Unity and Respect (PLUR), for the raver, that all night party is an escape from what her society wants her to be; material-oriented, financially successful, a consumer, an a work-aholic. Ravers feel deeply connected to all the people dancing around them and revert to a time when play was the most important thing in their lives. In essence, ravers feel that they are living rather than merely surviving (Estiens). Raves began appearing in Manchester, England and Ibiza (popular English vacation spots) in 1987 and 1988. At the same time, the same type of parties appeared in Germany, specifically Berlin. Soon thereafter, the rave phenomenon was attracting thousands of kids, aged between 16 and late twenties. It also attracted the attention of DJs from the United States. The energy that fueled these parties was so great that American DJs wanted to introduce it to the US, an...

Lord of the Manor

Lord of the Manor Lord of the Manor Lord of the Manor By Maeve Maddox A headline at a blog called Hollywood Scoop caught my eye: Scott Disick is Knighted ‘Lord of the Manner’† Thinking that the spelling manner must be a deliberate pun, I read further to see if Disick had received some sort of award having to do with fashion or elegant behavior. Here is the only explanation I found of the â€Å"ceremony† that took place in a London pub: â€Å"I crown you Scott Disick, the new Lord of the Manner,† the ceremony official proclaimed, cloaking Scott in a fur coat and faux crown. I’m guessing that the author of the article, John Howard, may be unfamiliar with the spelling of the expression â€Å"lord of the manor.† A manor is a house on an estate. During feudal times, knights and peasants owed their allegiance to a lord who lived on an estate, in a manor. Ergo, the local master was â€Å"the lord of the manor.† In time, â€Å"lord of the manor† came to refer to any person in authority. In modern usage, it is often used sarcastically to refer to a person who puts on unwarranted airs of self-importance. Here are some examples of the error found in blogs, comments, and ebooks: INCORRECT: Hugh Bonnevi[l]le, who plays the  Lord of the manner, arrived with his wife.- Celebrity blog (UK) CORRECT : Hugh Bonneville, who plays the  lord of the manor, arrived with his wife. INCORRECT: He might be lord of the manner and king of the rainforest, but Sting still has an unerring knack of getting right up people’s noses.- Comment on celebrity site. CORRECT : He might be lord of the manor and king of the rainforest, but Sting still has an unerring knack of getting right up people’s noses. INCORRECT: Lord of the manner  or beggar, we all have intrinsic value.- Self-help blog. CORRECT : Lord of the manor or beggar, we all have intrinsic value. INCORRECT: The lord of the manner, or members of his family, typically manned the courts of feudal Europe.- The Founders Facade: Christianity, Democracy, Freemasonry, and the Founding of America, R. L. Worthy, KornerStone Books, 2004. CORRECT : The lord of the manor, or members of his family, typically manned the courts of feudal Europe. I found several examples of the expression used correctly and incorrectly in the same text, even in the same paragraph, as in this opinion piece on an Australian political blog: In Feudal times free men worked 1 day in six for the lord of the manor (correct), now Rich people work 2.35 days per five day week for the government.  The Socialists say working one day per week for the lord of the manner (incorrect) is slavery, but 2.35 days for the government is totally acceptable as it is for a FAIR society. It’s possible that the error of writing â€Å"lord of the manner† instead of â€Å"lord of the manor† is influenced by the existence of the idiom â€Å"to the manner born.† In fact, â€Å"to the manner born† is often misspelled as â€Å"to the manor born.† Perhaps the most familiar use of the expression â€Å"to the manner born† is the line spoken by Hamlet to Horatio in Act I, scene 4. The friends are on the battlements when they hear the sound of trumpets and gunfire. Startled, Horatio asks what’s going on. Hamlet explains that when King Claudius drinks a toast, the act is signaled with a fanfare and a gunshot. Horatio asks if it’s a Danish custom and Hamlet replies: Ay, marry, is ’t. But to my mind, though I am native here And to the manner born, it is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance. â€Å"To the manner born† means, â€Å"familiar from birth with a given custom.† In modern English, â€Å"to the manner born† is also used to mean â€Å"naturally suited for, or taking readily to, a given role or task.† When using either expression- lord of the manor or to the manner born- be sure to spell it correctly. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsList of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Movie Application with Interpersonal Communication Essay

Movie Application with Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example The story takes a turn when someone shoots the store clerk to death. Police officials come to the store in order to collect evidence. The murderers’ descriptions given by the witnesses accidentally match with the appearance of Bill and Stan. The police officials arrest both friends for the court prosecution. Bill’s mother sends an attorney, Vinny, to handle Bill’s case. Vinny, who has been shown as the cousin of Bill, takes the case and becomes the lawyer of Bill and Stan. â€Å"He has no courtroom experience, and indeed no experience at all except with a few personal injury cases† (Ebert, 1992). Vinny tries to deceive the judge by saying that he is a well-experienced lawyer whereas the judge doubts his qualification and experience. With all this drama and confusion, the story continues and ends with the dismissal of all charges against Bill and Stan. Interpersonal Conflicts Concepts Having described the plot of the movie, let us now discuss some interpers onal communication concepts in relationship with some specific behaviors found in the movie. The interpersonal communication concepts, which will be included in discussion, are legitimate power, harmful conflicts, and beneficial conflicts. Legitimate power is a form of power, which a person can exercise where needed. This power can be exercised in situations where communication leads to conflicts between people and the conflict does not seem to be resolving by any other means. Use of legitimate power is a successful way to resolve any kind of conflict. Having power is an ability to achieve some objectives whereas having legitimate power is the ability to influence others using some specific laws and regulations. Legitimate power is used in such cases where interpersonal communication is not able to resolve issues successfully because of some law related complexities (Floyd, 2008). In such cases, a person with legitimate power plays his/her role by providing a better solution towards the problem based on proper laws. We can also take example from the movie selected for discussion in this regard. In the movie, Vinny used his legitimate power to fight the case of his cousin who was not involved in the murder and was taken into custody based on wrong proofs. Had Vinny not exercised his legitimate power to call the local sheriff for testifying the allegation, the judge would have made a wrong judgment regarding Bill and Stan. Therefore, we can say that use of legitimate powers is very beneficial to resolve all sorts of conflicts. Another interpersonal communication concept described in the book is that conflicts can be harmful if not treated properly. Interpersonal communication conflicts can produce adverse effects on the involved parties if no proper actions are taken for the resolution of conflicts. In personal relationships, conflicts can put a very negative impact on the strength of relationships. Therefore, interpersonal communication conflicts and personal r elationship conflicts need to be managed very carefully because if conflicts persist for a long time, they can be very dangerous for the relationships. In the movie, which was selected for review, Vinny puts his frustration out on his fiancee, Lisa, by taunting her. This attitude of Vinny upsets Lisa and she gets out of the courtroom. This situation makes Vinny alone and he feels that he has not shown a good behavior towards Lisa. Therefore, he gets out of the room for a while and makes Lisa come into the room to

What is a professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

What is a professional - Essay Example However, training is not adequate definition of a particular profession. Professionals exhibit strict codes of conduct, encompassing strong moral and ethical obligations. As such, there are ethical considerations that every member of a particular profession has to adhere to whenever disseminating their duties and obligations. These act as rules of conduct that members should make sure they comply with at all times. Typically, the professional associations in any particular field set and agree on the professional standards and ethics of standards guiding professionals in that particular field. Every professional must exhibit a number of qualities whenever in their respective fields. Every professional must exhibit high levels of competency, whether on the job or not. Most valuable professionals understand more than just their job; they have adequate knowledge of the industry in which their companies operate and as such have a big picture of the way in which their efforts contribute to the growth of their firms. Professionals are learners who believe that learning is a continuous process that does not end with the award of the certificate. They keep on learning new things, whether in a classroom or at the job. Interpersonal skills are yet another important quality of a professional. Regardless of the skills that an individual has in the field, it is important to have interpersonal skills as lack of these could break their career. Finally, honesty is essential for the success of a particular field. Subsequently, for a person to qualify as a professional, they must exhibit h igh levels of